RSS 1.0Welcome to WIRE
(Wolverhampton Intellectual Repository and E-Theses)
WIRE is an open access repository for the research publications and other outputs from postgraduate students and staff at the University of Wolverhampton.
Wolverhampton staff: to deposit your publication to WIRE, go to: https://www.wlv.ac.uk/lib/research/wire/
Use the search box above or the browse function on the left to discover publications from the research community at the University of Wolverhampton.
University students and staff can also search WIRE using LibrarySearch
For further information or help, contact the Scholarly Communications Team at wire@wlv.ac.uk
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Numerical analysis on thermal crack initiation due to non-homogeneous solder coating on the round strip interconnection of photo-voltaic modulesSolar energy is one of the most widely used renewable energy sources, with photo-voltaic (PV) solar cells/panels now utilized as an important energy source. The strip interconnection between solar cells (used for collecting current from solar cells) is a key PV module component; as poor interconnection reliability can lead to PV module failure. Multi-Busbar is a new type of interconnection which incorporates several round copper wires to help increase the energy conversion and transmission efficiency of PV modules and also to reduce the material costs. The non-homogeneity of the solder coating on the wires (resulting from manufacturing process faults), is one of the main factors that is responsible for the poor connections between the wire and the silver pads; which adversely impacts on the interconnection strength and long term reliability. This paper concerns an investigation of the effect of solder coating non-homogeneity on the thermo-mechanical response of round wires used for PV module interconnections. The study evaluates the two main parameters of non-homogeneity (out of centre value and direction), and also investigates the effect of geometrical parameters. The Extended Finite Element Method in ABAQUS software was used to determine the micro-crack initiation temperature and location for a given joint design. The results show that the cracking temperature is most affected by the direction of solder coating non-homogeneity and the downward vertical direction of out of centre positioning of copper in the solder coating leads to the most reduction in cracking temperature (up to 21%).
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Development of inclusive education in England: Impact on children with special educational needs and disabilitiesThis chapter considers a historical account of the development of inclusion in England and the changes made to the education of children with SEND since the 1940s. The chapter details the development of inclusive education, the complexity of defining inclusion, and what inclusion has come to mean in current practice. This historical account is considered alongside the development and dominance of the standards agenda. In considering inclusion in this manner, the original intentions of its agenda are questioned against the practical implementation of inclusive education in current practice. The chapter concludes by proposing that significant progress has not been made with inclusion because it has not been possible to accommodate it within the competing political agendas replete in England’s education system.
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Antibiotics utilization patterns and direct cost in an emergency treatment unit in Sri LankaObjective: Anecdotal evidence suggested that antibiotics are frequently used in the Emergency Treatment Units in Sri Lanka, mostly for the respiratory tract, soft tissue or urinary tract infections. This study aimed to describe the utilization patterns of antibiotics in terms of most common type, indication and associated direct cost in ETU at the Teaching Hospital Karapitiya, Sri Lanka. Methods: In this study, utilization patterns and the direct cost of antibiotics in an emergency treatment unit was evaluated by checking the bed-head tickets of all patients admitted to the unit from 1/5/16 to 15/5/16. Out of the 414 bed-head tickets checked 156 patients were receiving antibiotic treatment. Socio-demographic characteristics were analyzed. The prices of antibiotics in SriLankan government hospitals were taken from the hospital medical supply division price list. Data were analyzed by Microsoft Excel™. Results: In this study, 45.5% (out of 156 patients) were aged between 61-80years. The most used antibiotic was amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (18.1%) and clarithromycin (15.5%). Generic antibiotics were used for most patients (95.58%). Fixed-dose combinations were used in 18.5% of cases, including amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and piperacillin/tazobactam. The common indications for prescribing antibiotics were respiratory tract infections (31.2%) and soft tissues injuries (12.1%). Conclusion: This study revealed that there is apparent overuse of antibiotics and reveals that antibiotic stewardship programme could reduce antibiotic use, antibiotic resistance, and cost. Improved understanding of the rationale for antibiotic use would contribute optimising their use. Further studies are needed to establish the extent of sub-optimal prescribing of antibiotics in Sri Lankan hospitals.
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Janus kinase enzyme (JAK) inhibitors and rheumatoid arthritis: a review of the literatureCytokines play an essential role in normal cell growth and the regulation of immune function. The emergence of Janus Kinase Enzyme inhibitors promises the start of a revolution in the treatment of several chronic diseases. Their efficacy and safety profile have been demonstrated in multiple trials and they have been licensed for the treatment of a number of diseases including RA and PsA. Moreover, the use of highly selective Janus Kinase Enzyme inhibitors is currently being studied aiming to reduce side effects compared with traditional JAKinibs, an example of that would be the recent FDA approved upadacitinib. The Janus Kinase Enzyme inhibitorsmay supplant the classical biologic agents in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, since they exhibitthe advantages of oral administration, simultaneous blockade of multiple cytokines, reversibility and the lack of immunogenicity.
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Book Review: Robin West and Cynthia Grant Bowman (eds), Research Handbook on Feminist Jurisprudence (Edward Elgar, 2019) ISBN 978 1 78643 968 0 (cased), 544 pp.Feminist jurisprudence is unfortunately not an extensively studied subject in law courses in the United Kingdom. Most researchers with extensive careers would struggle with clearly explaining the key schools of thought, authors or concepts in feminist jurisprudence. Arguably, however, all areas of law would greatly benefit from a feminist investigation. This is true for areas, which expressly deal with women issues, but equally important in areas of law, which are written as “gender-neutral.” To dispel some of the mystery around feminist jurisprudence, Edward Elgar has published a much-needed collection of expert views on feminist jurisprudence. Although most contributions offer the United States’ perspective, this research handbook’s rich spread of twenty-six chapters (including the Introduction), represents a welcome addition to jurisprudential literature.
