Troskialina, LinaArifin, Nor AnisaAndarini, Rizki PutriMuchtar, AndanastutiDhir, AmanSteinberger-Wilckens, Robert2022-11-022022-11-022022-10-26Troskialina, L., Arifin, N.A., Andarini, R.P., Muchtar, A., Dhir, A. and Steinberger-Wilckens, R. (2022) Effect of Sn loading variation on the electrochemical performance of dry internal reforming of biogas in solid oxide fuel cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 48(3), pp.1136-1145. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.10.0200360-319910.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.10.020http://hdl.handle.net/2436/624975This is an accepted manuscript of an article published by Elsevier on 26/10/2022, available online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.10.020 The accepted version of the publication may differ from the final published version.Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) operations at 750 °C by using direct-biogas fuel without pre-reforming or steam addition on undoped Ni/YSZ and tin-doped Ni/YSZ (Sn-Ni/YSZ) anodes with varied Sn loadings were tested. High CH4/CO2 ratio (2:1) was used as simulated biogas with the absence of steam. The average current density of the undoped Ni/YSZ cells at 0.7 V and 750 °C was approximately 150 mA/cm2, while that of Sn-Ni/YSZ cells produced 300–420 mA/cm2 depending on Sn/Ni dopant concentration. Repeated cell tests revealed that the SOFC electrochemical performance is very sensitive to the quantity of Sn doped into the Ni/YSZ anode even with dopant amount as low as 0.10 wt% Sn/Ni. The highest electrochemical performance in H2 and biogas was obtained from Sn-Ni/YSZ with 0.38 wt% Sn/Ni loading in the anode. The SEM micrographs of the tested anode surface showed no apparent sign of carbon deposition on the anode while small amount of carbon quantified on the SOFC tested cells with Temperature Programmed Oxidation (TPO). The successful operation of SOFC using biogas as fuel broadens the application of SOFC to directly produce electricity at places where biogas produced from anaerobic digestion of waste is available. However, due to the gradual degradation in the long durability test (150 h) shown in biogas there are further studies need to be carried out.application/pdfenbiogas SOFCtin-anode infiltrationcarbon formationSn-Ni/YSZJournal articleInternational Journal of Hydrogen Energy2022-10-27