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Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among apparently healthy adult population in Pakistan: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Adil, Syed Omair Islam, Md Asiful Musa, Kamarul Imran Shafique, Kashif
Adil, Syed Omair
Islam, Md Asiful
Musa, Kamarul Imran
Shafique, Kashif
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Epub Date
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2023-02-10
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Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is considerably higher worldwide. It varies greatly in different populations geographically and based on criteria used to diagnose the disease. This review was conducted to determine the prevalence of MetS among apparently healthy adults of Pakistan. A systematic review was performed on Medline/PubMed, SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases until July 2022. Articles published on Pakistani healthy adult population reporting MetS were included. Pooled prevalence was reported with 95% confidence interval (CI). Of 440 articles, 20 articles met the eligibility. Results: The pooled prevalence of MetS was 28.8% (95% CI: 17.8–39.7). The maximum prevalence was from a sub-urban village of Punjab (68%, 95% CI: 66.6–69.3) and Sindh province (63.7%, 95% CI: 61.1–66.3). International Diabetes Federation guidelines had shown 33.2% (95% CI: 18.5–48.0) whereas National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines showed 23.9% (95% CI: 8.0–39.8) prevalence of MetS. Furthermore, individuals with low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) 48.2% (95% CI: 30.8–65.6), central obesity 37.1% (95% CI: 23.7–50.5), and high triglyceride 35.8% (95% CI: 24.3–47.3) showed higher prevalence. Conclusion: A considerably higher prevalence of MetS was observed among apparently healthy individuals in Pakistan. High triglyceride, low HDL, and central obesity were found as significant risk factors. (Registration # CRD42022335528)
Citation
Adil SO, Islam MA, Musa KI, & Shafique K (2023) Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among apparently healthy adult population in Pakistan: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Healthcare 11 (4), Article no. 531. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11040531
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PubMed ID
36833064 (pubmed)
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Journal article
Language
en
Description
© 2023 The Authors. Published by MDPI. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence.
The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website:
https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11040531
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ISSN
2227-9032
EISSN
2227-9032
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The Article Processing Charge (APC) payment comes from the Probability of Cardiovascular Disease and Assessing the Predictive Effect of Job Stress on CVD Risk: A Study Among Healthcare Providers Using the Framingham and Globorisk Scores Research Universiti Grant (RUI Number: 1001/PPSP/8012359), Universiti Sains Malaysia.
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Licence for published version: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International