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Immune response to COVID-19 vaccination is attenuated by poor disease control and antimyeloma therapy with vaccine driven divergent T cell response
Ramasamy, Karthik Sadler, Ross Jeans, Sally Weeden, Paul Varghese, Sherin Turner, Alison Larham, Jemma Gray, Nathanael Carty, Oluremi Barrett, Joe
Ramasamy, Karthik
Sadler, Ross
Jeans, Sally
Weeden, Paul
Varghese, Sherin
Turner, Alison
Larham, Jemma
Gray, Nathanael
Carty, Oluremi
Barrett, Joe
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2022-01-22
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Abstract
Myeloma patients frequently respond poorly to bacterial and viral vaccination. A few studies have reported poor humoral immune responses in myeloma patients to COVID-19 vaccination. Using a prospective study of myeloma patients in UK Rudy Study cohort, we assessed humoral and Interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) cellular immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination post second COVID-19 vaccine administration. We report data from 214 adults with myeloma (n=204) or smouldering myeloma (n=10) who provided blood samples at least 3 weeks after second vaccine dose. Positive Anti-Spike antibody levels (> 50 IU/ml) were detected in 189/203 (92.7%), positive IGRA responses were seen in 97/158 (61.4%) myeloma patients. Only 10/158 (6.3%) patients were identified to have both a negative IGRA and negative Anti-Spike protein antibody response. 95/158 (60.1%) patients produced positive results for both anti-Spike protein serology and IGRA. After adjusting for disease severity and myeloma therapy, poor humoral immune response was predicted by male gender. Predictors of poor IGRA included anti-CD38/ anti-BCMA therapy and Pfizer-BioNTech (PB) vaccination. Further work is required to understand the clinical significance of divergent cellular response to vaccination.
Citation
Ramasamy, K., Sadler, R., Jeans, S. et al. (2022) Immune response to COVID-19 vaccination is attenuated by poor disease control and antimyeloma therapy with vaccine driven divergent T cell response. British Journal of Haematology, 197(3), pp. 293-301. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.18066
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Journal article
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en
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© 2022 The Authors. Published by Wiley. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence.
The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.18066
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0007-1048
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Funding for this study has been received from Blood Cancer Vaccine Consortium and Janssen UK. RUDY platform has been funded by NIHR.