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Impact of PM2.5 exposure in old age and its interactive effect with smoking on incidence of diabetes
Chen, Anthony Yin, Jiaqian Ma, Ying Hou, Jian Zhou, Weiju Bai, Zhongliang Qin, Xia Hu, Zhi Chen, Yuntao Brunner, Eric John
Chen, Anthony
Yin, Jiaqian
Ma, Ying
Hou, Jian
Zhou, Weiju
Bai, Zhongliang
Qin, Xia
Hu, Zhi
Chen, Yuntao
Brunner, Eric John
Editors
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Epub Date
Issue Date
2024-09-21
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Abstract
Purpose: To determine the impact of PM2.5 exposure in old age and its interactive effect with smoking on incident diabetes. Methods: A total of 2766 participants aged ≥60 years in China were interviewed at baseline for disease risk factors in 2001–03 and were then followed up for 10 years to document incident diabetes. They were assessed for daily PM2.5 exposure in 2005. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to examine the association of PM2.5 exposure with incident diabetes and interactive effect between PM2.5 and smoking on incident diabetes. Results: During the cohort follow-up, 176 participants developed diabetes. The incidence of diabetes increased with PM2.5 exposure; the multiple-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of diabetes was 2.27 (95 % CI 1.36–3.77) in participants with PM2.5 at ≥62.0 μg/m3 compared to those at <62.0 μg/m3. There was a significant interaction effect of PM2.5 with smoking on increased risk of diabetes. The adjusted HR for participants exposed to PM2.5 levels ≥62.0 μg/m3 who smoked was 4.39 (95 % CI 1.72–11.21), while for non-smokers it was 1.65 (95 % CI 0.88–3.09), compared to those at <62.0 μg/m3. Conclusions: Exposure to PM2.5 in old age was associated with an increased incidence of diabetes and smoking enhanced the impact of PM2.5 on diabetic risk. These findings underscore the urgent need for air quality improvement measures and smoking cessation programs to mitigate the risk of diabetes in aging populations.
Citation
Chen, A., Yin, J., Ma, Y. et al. (2024) Impact of PM2.5 exposure in old age and its interactive effect with smoking on incidence of diabetes. Science of the Total Environment, 954, 175219.
Publisher
Journal
Research Unit
PubMed ID
39097020 (pubmed)
PubMed Central ID
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Journal article
Language
en
Description
© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175219
Series/Report no.
ISSN
0048-9697
EISSN
1879-1026
ISBN
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Sponsors
The data collection of the Anhui cohort study was funded by the Royal Society of UK, the BUPA Foundation (Grants Nos. 45NOV06, and TBF-M09-05) and Alzheimer's Research UK (Grant No. ART/PPG2007B/2). The PM2.5 exposure measurement was funded by an EU grant from Horizon 2020 MSCA – DEMAIRPO #799247. Dr. Zhongliang Bai thanks the Research Fund of Anhui Medical University (No. 2021xkjT049) and The China Scholarship Council (No. 202209095002), which supported him for visiting the University of Wolverhampton as a post-doctoral research fellow.
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Licence for published version: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International