Loading...
Pregnancy loss was associated with the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in middle-aged women: evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study
Yang, Xiaoyan Fan, Qingling Shen, Can Hou, Ruirui Yin, Jiaqian Xiang, Huifeng Cao, Yunxia Peng, Xiaoqing
Yang, Xiaoyan
Fan, Qingling
Shen, Can
Hou, Ruirui
Yin, Jiaqian
Xiang, Huifeng
Cao, Yunxia
Peng, Xiaoqing
Editors
Other contributors
Affiliation
Epub Date
Issue Date
2025-01-09
Submitted date
Alternative
Abstract
Objectives: Significant associations between pregnancy loss and risk of future maternal cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been found in Western countries, but the association in China is still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the associations of pregnancy loss, number of pregnancy losses, subtype of pregnancy loss (i.e. induced abortion, miscarriage and stillbirth) and age at the first pregnancy loss with CVD risk in Chinese population. Methods: We examined data of 7,486 middle-aged women (mean age 58.1 years) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Pregnancy loss and CVD including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke were self-reported and documented in surveys. Results: In the cohort, 1,850 (24.7%) women experienced pregnancy loss. Over 39 years follow-up, 2,055 (27.5%) women developed CVD. After adjusting covariates, pregnancy loss was associated with the risk of CVD (HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.56 to 1.92). Specifically, pregnancy loss due to induced abortion and miscarriage instead of stillbirth increased CVD (HR 2.11, 95% CI 1.82 to 2.44, and 1.47, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.72, respectively). The risk of CVD gradually increased from ≤23 years to 23–25, 26–29 and ≥30 years with HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.34. Conclusion: Chinese women that have experienced pregnancy loss due to induced abortion and miscarriage had increased risk of CVD. The risk increased with the number of pregnancy losses and older age at the first pregnancy loss.
Citation
Yang X, Fan Q, Shen C, Hou R, Chen R, Yin J, Xiang H, Cao Y, Peng X. Pregnancy Loss Was Associated With the Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Middle-Aged Women: Evidence From the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Global Heart. 2025; 20(1): 1. DOI: https://doi. org/10.5334/gh.1386
Publisher
Journal
Research Unit
DOI
PubMed ID
39802324 (pubmed)
PubMed Central ID
Embedded videos
Additional Links
Type
Journal article
Language
en
Description
© 2025 The Authors. Published by Ubiquity Press. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link: https://doi.org/10.5334/gh.1386
Series/Report no.
ISSN
2211-8160
EISSN
2211-8179
ISBN
ISMN
Gov't Doc #
Sponsors
This study was funded by grant number 82000399 from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (X.P.), and grant number 2021YFC2700604 from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (H.X.).
Rights
Licence for published version: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International