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Patients with neurological or psychiatric complications of COVID-19 have worse long-term functional outcomes: COVID-CNS-A multicentre case-control study
Shil, Rajish S.K. Seed, Adam Franklyn, Nkongho Egbe Sargent, Brendan F. Wood, Greta K. Huang, Yun Dodd, Katherine C. Lilleker, James B. Pollak, Thomas A. Defres, Sylviane
Shil, Rajish S.K.
Seed, Adam
Franklyn, Nkongho Egbe
Sargent, Brendan F.
Wood, Greta K.
Huang, Yun
Dodd, Katherine C.
Lilleker, James B.
Pollak, Thomas A.
Defres, Sylviane
Authors
Shil, Rajish S.K.
Seed, Adam
Franklyn, Nkongho Egbe
Sargent, Brendan F.
Wood, Greta K.
Huang, Yun
Dodd, Katherine C.
Lilleker, James B.
Pollak, Thomas A.
Defres, Sylviane
Jenkins, Thomas M.
Davies, Nicholas W.S.
Cousins, David A.
Zandi, Michael S.
Jackson, Thomas A.
Benjamin, Laura A.
Easton, Ava
Solomon, Tom
Bradley, John R.
Chinnery, Patrick F.
Smith, Craig J.
Nicholson, Timothy R.
Carson, Alan
Thomas, Rhys H.
Ellul, Mark Alexander
Wood, Nicholas W.
Breen, Gerome
Michael, Benedict Daniel
COVID-CNS Study Group
Seed, Adam
Franklyn, Nkongho Egbe
Sargent, Brendan F.
Wood, Greta K.
Huang, Yun
Dodd, Katherine C.
Lilleker, James B.
Pollak, Thomas A.
Defres, Sylviane
Jenkins, Thomas M.
Davies, Nicholas W.S.
Cousins, David A.
Zandi, Michael S.
Jackson, Thomas A.
Benjamin, Laura A.
Easton, Ava
Solomon, Tom
Bradley, John R.
Chinnery, Patrick F.
Smith, Craig J.
Nicholson, Timothy R.
Carson, Alan
Thomas, Rhys H.
Ellul, Mark Alexander
Wood, Nicholas W.
Breen, Gerome
Michael, Benedict Daniel
COVID-CNS Study Group
Editors
Other contributors
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Epub Date
Issue Date
2025-01-27
Submitted date
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Abstract
It is established that patients hospitalised with COVID-19 often have ongoing morbidity affecting activity of daily living (ADL), employment, and mental health. However, little is known about the relative outcomes in patients with COVID-19 neurological or psychiatric complications. We conducted a UK multicentre case-control study of patients hospitalised with COVID-19 (controls) and those who developed COVID-19 associated acute neurological or psychiatric complications (cases). Among the 651 patients, [362 (55%) cases and 289 (45%) controls], a higher proportion of cases had impairment in ADLs (199 [68.9%] vs 101 [51.8%], OR 2.06, pā<ā0.0002) and reported symptoms impacting employment (159 [58.2%] vs 69 [35.6%] OR 2.53, pā<ā0.0001). There was no significant difference in the proportion with depression or anxiety between case and control groups overall. For cases, impairment of ADLs was associated with increased risk in female sex, ageā>ā50 years and hypertension (OR 5.43, pā<ā0.003, 3.11, pā=ā0.02, 3.66, pā=ā0.04). Those receiving either statins or angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors had a lower risk of impairment in ADLs (OR 0.09, pā=ā0.0006, 0.17, pā=ā0.03). Patients with neurological or psychiatric complications of COVID-19 had worse functional outcomes than those with respiratory COVID-19 alone in terms of ADLs and employment. Female sex, ageā>ā50 years, and hypertension were associated with worse outcomes, and statins or ACE inhibitors with better outcomes.
Citation
Shil, R.S.K., Seed, A., Franklyn, N.E. et al. Patients with neurological or psychiatric complications of COVID-19 have worse long-term functional outcomes: COVID-CNSāA multicentre caseācontrol study. Sci Rep 15, 3443 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-80833-0
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Journal
Research Unit
PubMed ID
39870668 (pubmed)
PubMed Central ID
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Type
Journal article
Language
en
Description
Ā© 2025 The authors. Published by Springer Nature. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence.
The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisherās website: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-80833-0
Series/Report no.
ISSN
2045-2322
EISSN
2045-2322
ISBN
ISMN
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Sponsors
RSKS, GKW and YH are funded by the UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) as NIHR academic clinical fellows and MAE as NIHR academic clinical lecturers. YH, TS, MAE and BDM are funded by the NIHR Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections at University of Liverpool. TAP was supported by a NIHR Clinical Lectureship. MSZ is supported by the UCLH/UCL NIHR BRC. BDM is supported to conduct COVID-19 neuroscience research by the UKRI/ MRC (MR/V03605X/1). BDM is also supported for additional neurological inflammation research due to viral infection by grants from the NIHR (award CO-CIN-01), the Medical Research Council (MC_PC_19059) and by the NIHR Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections at University of Liverpool in partnership with Public Health England (PHE), in collaboration with Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and the University of Oxford (award 200907), NIHR HPRU in Respiratory Infections at Imperial College London with PHE (award 200927), the MRC/UKRI (MR/ V007181/1), MRC (MR/T028750/1), and Wellcome (ISSF201902/3).