The design and evaluation of a multimedia application for a second language listening comprehension

Abstract

This thesis explores the application of multimedia software to second language learning, based upon the ideas, hypotheses and principles of second language acquisition theory. Multimedia capable computers deliver information through combinations of video, sound, animation, graphics and text in an interactive and user-controlled way. These characteristics make appropriately designed multimedia a powerful tool for communication, but as yet there are few SLA multimedia applications and little research into the effects of multimedia on SLA. This study has explored the research findings of SLA to discover how multimedia may replicate the optimum conditions for language learning. The effect of the external linguistic environment, the cognitive process of SLA, the role of motivation and desirability of creating autonomous language learning were found to be significant factors. In addition, research findings on the ways that computers can assist SLA, together with contemporary pedagogic approaches to SLA were surveyed. A multimedia application, informed by these factors, was created. Five research studies into its effectiveness were undertaken. Learner attitudes were highly positive and a significant overlap was found between less able listeners and positive attitudes. The integration of the application into the curriculum as a mandatory, assessed component of a module was not successful. The provision of instant real-time feedback to on-line listening tasks was shown to increase comprehension. Subtitled-video was shown to be more effective for comprehension and language recall than other combinations of learning resources. Finally, there was clear evidence indicating the implicit learning of linguistic items which had been made salient in the multimedia applications.