The BCAT1 CXXC motif provides protection against ROS in acute myeloid leukaemia cells
Authors
Hillier, JamesAllcott, Gemma J
Guest, Laura A
Heaselgrave, Wayne
Tonks, Alex
Conway, Myra E
Cherry, Amy L
Coles, Steven J
Affiliation
School of Biomedical Science & Physiology, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UKIssue Date
2022-03-31
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The cytosolic branched-chain aminotransferase (BCAT1) has received attention for its role in myeloid leukaemia development, where studies indicate metabolic adaptations due to BCAT1 up-regulation. BCAT1, like the mitochondria isoform (BCAT2), shares a conserved CXXC motif ~10 Å from the active site. This CXXC motif has been shown to act as a ‘redox-switch’ in the enzymatic regulation of the BCAT proteins, however the response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) differs between BCAT isoforms. Studies indicate that the BCAT1 CXXC motif is several orders of magnitude less sensitive to the effects of ROS compared with BCAT2. Moreover, estimation of the reduction mid-point potential of BCAT1, indicates that BCAT1 is more reductive in nature and may possess antioxidant properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to further characterise the BCAT1 CXXC motif and evaluate its role in acute myeloid leukaemia. Our biochemical analyses show that purified wild-type (WT) BCAT1 protein could metabolise H2O2 in vitro, whereas CXXC motif mutant or WT BCAT2 could not, demonstrating for the first time a novel antioxidant role for the BCAT1 CXXC motif. Transformed U937 AML cells over-expressing WT BCAT1, showed lower levels of intracellular ROS compared with cells over-expressing the CXXC motif mutant (CXXS) or Vector Controls, indicating that the BCAT1 CXXC motif may buffer intracellular ROS, impacting on cell proliferation. U937 AML cells over-expressing WT BCAT1 displayed less cellular differentiation, as observed by a reduction of the myeloid markers; CD11b, CD14, CD68, and CD36. This finding suggests a role for the BCAT1 CXXC motif in cell development, which is an important pathological feature of myeloid leukaemia, a disease characterised by a block in myeloid differentiation. Furthermore, WT BCAT1 cells were more resistant to apoptosis compared with CXXS BCAT1 cells, an important observation given the role of ROS in apoptotic signalling and myeloid leukaemia development. Since CD36 has been shown to be Nrf2 regulated, we investigated the expression of the Nrf2 regulated gene, TrxRD1. Our data show that the expression of TrxRD1 was downregulated in transformed U937 AML cells overexpressing WT BCAT1, which taken with the reduction in CD36 implicates less Nrf2 activation. Therefore, this finding may implicate the BCAT1 CXXC motif in wider cellular redox-mediated processes. Altogether, this study provides the first evidence to suggest that the BCAT1 CXXC motif may contribute to the buffering of ROS levels inside AML cells, which may impact ROS-mediated processes in the development of myeloid leukaemia.Citation
Hillier J., Allcott G. J., Guest L. A., Heaselgrave W., et al. (2022) The BCAT1 CXXC motif provides protection against ROS in acute myeloid leukaemia cells. Antioxidants. 11 (4), Article Number 683. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11040683Publisher
MDPI AGJournal
AntioxidantsAdditional Links
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/4/683Type
Journal articleLanguage
enDescription
© 2022 The Authors. Published by MDPI. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11040683EISSN
2076-3921Sponsors
The University of Worcester provided funding to support J.H. as a full-time Ph.D. student. The Sir Halley Trust provided consumables to enable the Gabapentin work to be carried out.ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.3390/antiox11040683
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