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dc.contributor.authorAttard, Gerhardt
dc.contributor.authorMurphy, Laura
dc.contributor.authorClarke, Noel W
dc.contributor.authorCross, William
dc.contributor.authorJones, Robert J
dc.contributor.authorParker, Christopher C
dc.contributor.authorGillessen, Silke
dc.contributor.authorCook, Adrian
dc.contributor.authorBrawley, Chris
dc.contributor.authorAmos, Claire L.
dc.contributor.authorAtako, Nafisah
dc.contributor.authorPugh, Cheryl
dc.contributor.authorBuckner, Michelle
dc.contributor.authorChowdhury, Simon
dc.contributor.authorMalik, Zafar
dc.contributor.authorRussell, J Martin
dc.contributor.authorGilson, Clare
dc.contributor.authorRush, Hannah
dc.contributor.authorBowen, Jo
dc.contributor.authorLydon, Anna
dc.contributor.authorPedley, Ian
dc.contributor.authorO'Sullivan, Joe M
dc.contributor.authorBirtle, Alison
dc.contributor.authorGale, Joanna
dc.contributor.authorSrihari, Narayanan
dc.contributor.authorThomas, Carys
dc.contributor.authorTanguay, Jacob
dc.contributor.authorWagstaff, John
dc.contributor.authorDas, Prantik
dc.contributor.authorGray, Emma
dc.contributor.authorAlzoueb, Mymoona
dc.contributor.authorParikh, Omi
dc.contributor.authorRobinson, Angus
dc.contributor.authorSyndikus, Isabel
dc.contributor.authorWylie, James
dc.contributor.authorZarkar, Anjali
dc.contributor.authorThalmann, George
dc.contributor.authorde Bono, Johann S
dc.contributor.authorDearnaley, David P
dc.contributor.authorMason, Malcolm D
dc.contributor.authorGilbert, Duncan
dc.contributor.authorLangley, Ruth E
dc.contributor.authorMillman, Robin
dc.contributor.authorMatheson, David
dc.contributor.authorSydes, Matthew R
dc.contributor.authorBrown, Louise C
dc.contributor.authorParmar, Mahesh KB
dc.contributor.authorJames, Nicholas D
dc.contributor.authorSystemic Therapy in Advancing or Metastatic Prostate cancer: Evaluation of Drug Efficacy (STAMPEDE) investigators
dc.date.accessioned2022-01-11T15:48:56Z
dc.date.available2022-01-11T15:48:56Z
dc.date.issued2021-12-23
dc.identifier.citationAttard, G., Murphy, L., Clarke, N. W., Cross, W. et al. (2022) Abiraterone acetate and prednisolone with or without enzalutamide for high-risk non-metastatic prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of primary results from two randomised controlled phase 3 trials of the STAMPEDE platform protocol, The Lancet, 399 (10323), p.447-460en
dc.identifier.issn0140-6736en
dc.identifier.pmid34953525 (pubmed)
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02437-5en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2436/624540
dc.description© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)02437-5/fulltexten
dc.description.abstractBackground Men with high-risk non-metastatic prostate cancer are treated with androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) for 3 years, often combined with radiotherapy. We analysed new data from two randomised controlled phase 3 trials done in a multiarm, multistage platform protocol to assess the efficacy of adding abiraterone and prednisolone alone or with enzalutamide to ADT in this patient population. Methods These open-label, phase 3 trials were done at 113 sites in the UK and Switzerland. Eligible patients (no age restrictions) had high-risk (defined as node positive or, if node negative, having at least two of the following: tumour stage T3 or T4, Gleason sum score of 8–10, and prostate-specific antigen [PSA] concentration ≥40 ng/mL) or relapsing with high-risk features (≤12 months of total ADT with an interval of ≥12 months without treatment and PSA concentration ≥4 ng/mL with a doubling time of <6 months, or a PSA concentration ≥20 ng/mL, or nodal relapse) non-metastatic prostate cancer, and a WHO performance status of 0–2. Local radiotherapy (as per local guidelines, 74 Gy in 37 fractions to the prostate and seminal vesicles or the equivalent using hypofractionated schedules) was mandated for node negative and encouraged for node positive disease. In both trials, patients were randomly assigned (1:1), by use of a computerised algorithm, to ADT alone (control group), which could include surgery and luteinising-hormone-releasing hormone agonists and antagonists, or with oral abiraterone acetate (1000 mg daily) and oral prednisolone (5 mg daily; combination-therapy group). In the second trial with no overlapping controls, the combination-therapy group also received enzalutamide (160 mg daily orally). ADT was given for 3 years and combination therapy for 2 years, except if local radiotherapy was omitted when treatment could be delivered until progression. In this primary analysis, we used meta-analysis methods to pool events from both trials. The primary endpoint of this meta-analysis was metastasis-free survival. Secondary endpoints were overall survival, prostate cancer-specific survival, biochemical failure-free survival, progression-free survival, and toxicity and adverse events. For 90% power and a one-sided type 1 error rate set to 1·25% to detect a target hazard ratio for improvement in metastasis-free survival of 0·75, approximately 315 metastasis-free survival events in the control groups was required. Efficacy was assessed in the intention-to-treat population and safety according to the treatment started within randomised allocation. STAMPEDE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00268476, and with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN78818544. Findings Between Nov 15, 2011, and March 31, 2016, 1974 patients were randomly assigned to treatment. The first trial allocated 455 to the control group and 459 to combination therapy, and the second trial, which included enzalutamide, allocated 533 to the control group and 527 to combination therapy. Median age across all groups was 68 years (IQR 63–73) and median PSA 34 ng/ml (14·7–47); 774 (39%) of 1974 patients were node positive, and 1684 (85%) were planned to receive radiotherapy. With median follow-up of 72 months (60–84), there were 180 metastasis-free survival events in the combination-therapy groups and 306 in the control groups. Metastasis-free survival was significantly longer in the combination-therapy groups (median not reached, IQR not evaluable [NE]–NE) than in the control groups (not reached, 97–NE; hazard ratio [HR] 0·53, 95% CI 0·44–0·64, p<0·0001). 6-year metastasis-free survival was 82% (95% CI 79–85) in the combination-therapy group and 69% (66–72) in the control group. There was no evidence of a difference in metatasis-free survival when enzalutamide and abiraterone acetate were administered concurrently compared with abiraterone acetate alone (interaction HR 1·02, 0·70–1·50, p=0·91) and no evidence of between-trial heterogeneity (I2 p=0·90). Overall survival (median not reached [IQR NE–NE] in the combination-therapy groups vs not reached [103–NE] in the control groups; HR 0·60, 95% CI 0·48–0·73, p<0·0001), prostate cancer-specific survival (not reached [NE–NE] vs not reached [NE–NE]; 0·49, 0·37–0·65, p<0·0001), biochemical failure-free-survival (not reached [NE–NE] vs 86 months [83–NE]; 0·39, 0·33–0·47, p<0·0001), and progression-free-survival (not reached [NE–NE] vs not reached [103–NE]; 0·44, 0·36–0·54, p<0·0001) were also significantly longer in the combination-therapy groups than in the control groups. Adverse events grade 3 or higher during the first 24 months were, respectively, reported in 169 (37%) of 451 patients and 130 (29%) of 455 patients in the combination-therapy and control groups of the abiraterone trial, respectively, and 298 (58%) of 513 patients and 172 (32%) of 533 patients of the combination-therapy and control groups of the abiraterone and enzalutamide trial, respectively. The two most common events more frequent in the combination-therapy groups were hypertension (abiraterone trial: 23 (5%) in the combination-therapy group and six (1%) in control group; abiraterone and enzalutamide trial: 73 (14%) and eight (2%), respectively) and alanine transaminitis (abiraterone trial: 25 (6%) in the combination-therapy group and one (<1%) in control group; abiraterone and enzalutamide trial: 69 (13%) and four (1%), respectively). Seven grade 5 adverse events were reported: none in the control groups, three in the abiraterone acetate and prednisolone group (one event each of rectal adenocarcinoma, pulmonary haemorrhage, and a respiratory disorder), and four in the abiraterone acetate and prednisolone with enzalutamide group (two events each of septic shock and sudden death). Interpretation Among men with high-risk non-metastatic prostate cancer, combination therapy is associated with significantly higher rates of metastasis-free survival compared with ADT alone. Abiraterone acetate with prednisolone should be considered a new standard treatment for this population.en
dc.description.sponsorshipCancer Research UK, UK Medical Research Council, Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Janssen, and Astellas.en
dc.formatapplication/pdfen
dc.languageeng
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherElsevieren
dc.relation.urlhttps://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)02437-5/fulltexten
dc.subjectabiraterone acetateen
dc.subjecthigh-risk nonmetastatic prostate canceren
dc.subjectSTAMPEDE trialen
dc.subjectenzalutamideen
dc.subjectandrogen deprivation therapyen
dc.titleAbiraterone acetate and prednisolone with or without enzalutamide for high-risk non-metastatic prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of primary results from two randomised controlled phase 3 trials of the STAMPEDE platform protocolen
dc.typeJournal articleen
dc.identifier.eissn1474-547X
dc.identifier.journalLancet (London, England)en
dc.date.updated2021-12-30T21:28:51Z
dc.contributor.institutionCancer Institute, University College London, London, UK; University College London Hospitals, London, UK. Electronic address: g.attard@ucl.ac.uk.
pubs.place-of-publicationEngland
dc.date.accepted2021-11-03
rioxxterms.funderCancer Research UK, UK Medical Research Council, Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Janssen, and Astellasen
rioxxterms.identifier.projectUOW11012022DMen
rioxxterms.versionVoRen
rioxxterms.licenseref.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate2022-02-07en
dc.source.volume399
dc.source.issue10323
dc.source.beginpage447
dc.source.endpage460
dc.description.versionPublished version
refterms.dateFCD2022-01-11T15:48:17Z
refterms.versionFCDAM
refterms.dateFOA2022-02-07T11:05:45Z


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