The uptake study: a cross-sectional survey examining the insights and beliefs of the UK population on COVID-19 vaccine uptake and hesitancy

Abstract

Objective: A key challenge towards a successful COVID-19 vaccine uptake is vaccine hesitancy. We examine and provide novel insights on the key drivers and barriers towards COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Design: This study involved an anonymous cross-sectional online survey circulated across the UK in September 2020. The survey was designed to include several sections to collect demographic data and responses on: i) extent of agreement regarding various statements about COVID-19 and vaccinations; ii) previous vaccination habits (e.g. if they had previously declined vaccination); and iii) interest in participation in vaccine trials. Multi-nominal logistic models examined demographic factors that may impact vaccine uptake. We used principle component analysis and text mining to explore perception related to vaccine uptake. Setting: The survey was circulated through various media, including: posts on social media networks (Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and Instagram), national radio, news articles, Clinical Research Network (CRN) website and newsletter, and through 150 West Midlands general practices via a text messaging service. Participants: There was a total of 4884 respondents of which 9.44% were BAME (Black Asian Minority Ethnic) group. The majority were females (n=3416, 69·9%) and of White ethnicity (n=4127, 84·5%). Results: Regarding respondents, overall 3873 (79·3%) were interested in taking approved COVID-19 vaccines while 677 (13·9%) were unsure, and 334 (6·8%) would not take a vaccine. Participants aged over 70 years (Odds Ratio (OR)=4·63) and the BAME community (OR=5·48) were more likely to take an approved vaccine. Smokers (OR=0·45) and respondents with no known illness (OR=0·70) were less likely to accept approved vaccines. The study identified 16 key reasons for not accepting approved vaccines, the most common (60%) being the possibility of the COVID-19 vaccine having side effects. Conclusions: This study provides an insight into focusing on specific populations to reduce vaccine hesitancy. This proves crucial in managing the COVID-19 pandemic.