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dc.contributor.authorMisailidi, M
dc.contributor.authorTzatzarakis, MN
dc.contributor.authorKavvalakis, MP
dc.contributor.authorKoutedakis, Y
dc.contributor.authorTsatsakis, AM
dc.contributor.authorFlouris, AD
dc.date.accessioned2021-01-26T09:14:21Z
dc.date.available2021-01-26T09:14:21Z
dc.date.issued2014-01-21
dc.identifier.citationMisailidi M, Tzatzarakis MN, Kavvalakis MP, Koutedakis Y, Tsatsakis AM, Flouris AD (2014) Instruments to Assess Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Large Cohorts of Never Smokers: The Smoke Scales. PLoS ONE 9(1): e85809. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085809en
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203en
dc.identifier.pmid24465719 (pubmed)
dc.identifier.doi10.1371/journal.pone.0085809en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2436/623896
dc.description© 2014 The Authors. Published by PLOS. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085809en
dc.description.abstractThe objectives of this study were to: (i) to develop questionnaires that can identify never-smoking children and adults experiencing increased exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS+), (ii) to determine their validity against hair nicotine, and (iii) assess their reliability. A sample of 191 children (85 males; 106 females; 7-18 years) and 95 adult (23 males; 72 females; 18- 62 years) never-smokers consented to hair nicotine analysis and answered a large number of questions assessing all sources of SHS. A randomly-selected 30% answered the questions again after 20-30 days. Prevalence of SHS+ in children and adults was 0.52±0.07 and 0.67±0.10, respectively (p<0.05). The Smoke Scale for Children (SS-C) and the Smoke Scale for Adults (SS-A) were developed via factor analysis and included nine questions each. Positivity criteria for SS-C and SS-A via receiver operating characteristics curve analysis were identified at >16.5 and >16, respectively. Significant Kappa agreement (p<0.05) was confirmed when comparing the SS-C and SS-A to hair nicotine concentration. Reliability analyses demonstrated that the SS-C and SS-A scores obtained on two different days are highly correlated (p<0.001) and not significantly different (p>0.05). Area under the curve and McNemar's Chi-square showed no pair-wise differences in sensitivity and specificity at the cutoff point between the two different days for SS-C and SS-A (p>0.05). We conclude that the SS-C and the SS-A represent valid, reliable, practical, and inexpensive instruments to identify children and adult never-smokers exposed to increased SHS. Future research should aim to further increase the validity of the two questionnaires. © 2014 Misailidi et al.en
dc.formatapplication/pdfen
dc.languageeng
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherPublic Library of Science (PLoS)en
dc.relation.urlhttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0085809en
dc.rightsLicence for published version: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subject.meshHair
dc.subject.meshHumans
dc.subject.meshNicotine
dc.subject.meshPrevalence
dc.subject.meshChi-Square Distribution
dc.subject.meshCohort Studies
dc.subject.meshReproducibility of Results
dc.subject.meshROC Curve
dc.subject.meshSmoking
dc.subject.meshTobacco Smoke Pollution
dc.subject.meshAdolescent
dc.subject.meshAdult
dc.subject.meshMiddle Aged
dc.subject.meshChild
dc.subject.meshChild, Preschool
dc.subject.meshGreece
dc.subject.meshFemale
dc.subject.meshMale
dc.subject.meshYoung Adult
dc.subject.meshSurveys and Questionnaires
dc.titleInstruments to assess secondhand smoke exposure in large cohorts of never smokers: The smoke scalesen
dc.typeJournal articleen
dc.identifier.eissn1932-6203
dc.identifier.journalPLoS ONEen
dc.date.updated2021-01-24T19:55:13Z
dc.contributor.institutionFAME Laboratory, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Trikala, Greece ; Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece ; Regional Directorate of Primary and Secondary Education of Western Greece, Patras, Greece.
pubs.place-of-publicationUnited States
dc.date.accepted2013-12-03
rioxxterms.funderUniversity of Wolverhamptonen
rioxxterms.identifier.projectUOW26012021YKen
rioxxterms.versionVoRen
rioxxterms.licenseref.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate2021-01-26en
dc.source.volume9
dc.source.issue1
dc.source.beginpagee85809
dc.description.versionPublished version
refterms.dateFCD2021-01-26T09:14:11Z
refterms.versionFCDVoR
refterms.dateFOA2021-01-26T09:14:21Z


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Licence for published version: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
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