Bacillus subtilis natto: A non-toxic source of poly-γ-glutamic acid that could be used as a cryoprotectant for probiotic bacteria
Abstract
It is common practice to freeze dry probiotic bacteria to improve their shelf life. However, the freeze drying process itself can be detrimental to their viability. The viability of probiotics could be maintained if they are administered within a microbially produced biodegradable polymer - poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) - matrix. Although the antifreeze activity of γ-PGA is well known, it has not been used for maintaining the viability of probiotic bacteria during freeze drying. The aim of this study was to test the effect of γ-PGA (produced by B. subtilis natto ATCC 15245) on the viability of probiotic bacteria during freeze drying and to test the toxigenic potential of B. subtilis natto. 10% γ-PGA was found to protect Lactobacillus paracasei significantly better than 10% sucrose, whereas it showed comparable cryoprotectant activity to sucrose when it was used to protect Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium longum. Although γ-PGA is known to be non-toxic, it is crucial to ascertain the toxigenic potential of its source, B. subtilis natto. Presence of six genes that are known to encode for toxins were investigated: three component hemolysin (hbl D/A), three component non-haemolytic enterotoxin (nheB), B. cereus enterotoxin T (bceT), enterotoxin FM (entFM), sphingomyelinase (sph) and phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase (piplc). From our investigations, none of these six genes were present in B. subtilis natto. Moreover, haemolytic and lecithinase activities were found to be absent. Our work contributes a biodegradable polymer from a non-toxic source for the cryoprotection of probiotic bacteria, thus improving their survival during the manufacturing process. © 2013 Bel-Rhlid et al.Citation
Bhat, A.R., Irorere, V.U., Bartlett, T. et al. (2013) Bacillus subtilis natto: a non-toxic source of poly-γ-glutamic acid that could be used as a cryoprotectant for probiotic bacteria, AMB Express, 3:36 http://www.amb-express.com/content/3/1/36Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLCJournal
AMB ExpressPubMed ID
23829836 (pubmed)Additional Links
https://amb-express.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/2191-0855-3-36Type
Journal articleLanguage
enDescription
© 2013 The Authors. Published by Springer. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.1186/2191-0855-3-36ISSN
2191-0855EISSN
2191-0855ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1186/2191-0855-3-36
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Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Licence for published version: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
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