Intratympanic corticosteroids in Ménière's disease: A mini-review

Abstract

This article reviews the effectiveness of intratympanic corticosteroids for vertigo control in Ménière's disease at 2-years follow-up according to the guidelines expressed by the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery. Despite the increased use of intratympanic corticosteroids for vertigo control in Ménière's disease there is debate as to their effectiveness, particularly compared to gentamicin. Even so, after just a single course of injections, corticosteroids can reliably provide complete vertigo control (Class A) at 2-years in about 50% of cases as indicated in a recent double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial (Patel et al., 2016). But the effectiveness of intratympanic corticosteroids truly increases when treatment is provided ‘as-needed’, whereby complete vertigo control is established in up to 91% of cases. On the basis of available literature, there is good evidence to recommend the use of intratympanic steroid treatment for vertigo control in Ménière's disease, but patients must be monitored for non-response. The rationale for treating patients as-needed and the possible reasons for corticosteroid non-response are discussed.