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dc.contributor.authorMartín-Martín, Alberto
dc.contributor.authorOrduna-Malea, Enrique
dc.contributor.authorThelwall, Mike
dc.contributor.authorDelgado López-Cózar, Emilio
dc.date.accessioned2018-10-22T14:45:26Z
dc.date.available2018-10-22T14:45:26Z
dc.date.issued2018-10-05
dc.identifier.citationMartín-Martín, A., Orduña-Malea, E., Thelwall, M., & López-Cózar, E.D. (2018). Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus: a systematic comparison of citations in 252 subject categories. Journal of Informetrics, 12 (4), pp 1160-1177.
dc.identifier.issn1751-1577en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.joi.2018.09.002
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2436/621796
dc.descriptionThis is an accepted manuscript of an article published by Elsevier in Journal of Informetrics on 05/10/2018, available online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2018.09.002 The accepted version of the publication may differ from the final published version.
dc.description.abstractDespite citation counts from Google Scholar (GS), Web of Science (WoS), and Scopus being widely consulted by researchers and sometimes used in research evaluations, there is no recent or systematic evidence about the differences between them. In response, this paper investigates 2,448,055 citations to 2299 English-language highly-cited documents from 252 GS subject categories published in 2006, comparing GS, the WoS Core Collection, and Scopus. GS consistently found the largest percentage of citations across all areas (93%–96%), far ahead of Scopus (35%–77%) and WoS (27%–73%). GS found nearly all the WoS (95%) and Scopus (92%) citations. Most citations found only by GS were from non-journal sources (48%–65%), including theses, books, conference papers, and unpublished materials. Many were non-English (19%–38%), and they tended to be much less cited than citing sources that were also in Scopus or WoS. Despite the many unique GS citing sources, Spearman correlations between citation counts in GS and WoS or Scopus are high (0.78-0.99). They are lower in the Humanities, and lower between GS and WoS than between GS and Scopus. The results suggest that in all areas GS citation data is essentially a superset of WoS and Scopus, with substantial extra coverage.en_US
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dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.relation.urlhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751157718303249en_US
dc.subjectGoogle Scholaren_US
dc.subjectWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.subjectScopusen_US
dc.titleGoogle Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus: a systematic comparison of citations in 252 subject categoriesen_US
dc.typeJournal article
dc.identifier.journalJournal of Informetricsen_US
dc.date.accepted2018-09-03
rioxxterms.funderUniversity of Wolverhamptonen_US
rioxxterms.identifier.projectUOW22102018MTen_US
rioxxterms.versionAMen_US
rioxxterms.licenseref.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/en_US
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate2019-10-05en_US
dc.source.volume12
dc.source.issue4
dc.source.beginpage1160
dc.source.endpage1177
refterms.dateFCD2018-10-22T14:19:18Z
refterms.versionFCDAM
refterms.dateFOA2019-10-05T00:00:00Z


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