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dc.contributor.authorMartin, Claire
dc.contributor.authorLow, Wan Li
dc.contributor.authorGupta, Abhishek
dc.contributor.authorAmin, Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd
dc.contributor.authorRadecka, Iza
dc.contributor.authorBritland, Stephen T
dc.contributor.authorRaj, Prem
dc.contributor.authorKenward, Ken M A
dc.date.accessioned2017-11-30T11:50:02Z
dc.date.available2017-11-30T11:50:02Z
dc.date.issued2015
dc.identifier.citationStrategies for antimicrobial drug delivery to biofilm. 2015, 21 (1):43-66 Curr. Pharm. Des.
dc.identifier.issn1873-4286
dc.identifier.pmid25189862
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2436/620934
dc.description.abstractBiofilms are formed by the attachment of single or mixed microbial communities to a variety of biological and/or synthetic surfaces. Biofilm micro-organisms benefit from many advantages of the polymicrobial environment including increased resistance against antimicrobials and protection against the host organism's defence mechanisms. These benefits stem from a number of structural and physiological differences between planktonic and biofilm-resident microbes, but two main factors are the presence of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and quorum sensing communication. Once formed, biofilms begin to synthesise EPS, a complex viscous matrix composed of a variety of macromolecules including proteins, lipids and polysaccharides. In terms of drug delivery strategies, it is the EPS that presents the greatest barrier to diffusion for drug delivery systems and free antimicrobial agents alike. In addition to EPS synthesis, biofilm-based micro-organisms can also produce small, diffusible signalling molecules involved in cell density-dependent intercellular communication, or quorum sensing. Not only does quorum sensing allow microbes to detect critical cell density numbers, but it also permits co-ordinated behaviour within the biofilm, such as iron chelation and defensive antibiotic activities. Against this backdrop of microbial defence and cell density-specific communication, a variety of drug delivery systems have been developed to deliver antimicrobial agents and antibiotics to extracellular and/or intracellular targets, or more recently, to interfere with the specific mechanisms of quorum sensing. Successful delivery strategies have employed lipidic and polymeric-based formulations such as liposomes and cyclodextrins respectively, in addition to inorganic carriers e.g. metal nanoparticles. This review will examine a range of drug delivery systems and their application to biofilm delivery, as well as pharmaceutical formulations with innate antimicrobial properties such as silver nanoparticles and microemulsions.
dc.description.sponsorshipUniversity of Wolverhampton, UK ; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia.
dc.language.isoen
dc.subjectBiofilm
dc.subjectantimicrobial agents
dc.subjectcontrolled release
dc.subjectdrug delivery systems
dc.subjectliposomes
dc.subjectsolid lipid nanoparticles
dc.subjectmicroemulsions
dc.subjectmicro- and nanoparticles
dc.subjectsmart polymers
dc.subjectdendrimers
dc.subjectcyclodextrins
dc.subjectsilver
dc.subjectgold
dc.subjectcopper
dc.subjectzinc
dc.subjectiron salts
dc.subject.meshAnimals
dc.subject.meshAnti-Infective Agents
dc.subject.meshBiofilms
dc.subject.meshCell Communication
dc.subject.meshCell Count
dc.subject.meshDrug Delivery Systems
dc.subject.meshDrug Resistance, Microbial
dc.subject.meshEmulsions
dc.subject.meshHumans
dc.subject.meshMetal Nanoparticles
dc.subject.meshQuorum Sensing
dc.titleStrategies for antimicrobial drug delivery to biofilm.
dc.typeJournal article
dc.identifier.journalCurrent pharmaceutical design
html.description.abstractBiofilms are formed by the attachment of single or mixed microbial communities to a variety of biological and/or synthetic surfaces. Biofilm micro-organisms benefit from many advantages of the polymicrobial environment including increased resistance against antimicrobials and protection against the host organism's defence mechanisms. These benefits stem from a number of structural and physiological differences between planktonic and biofilm-resident microbes, but two main factors are the presence of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and quorum sensing communication. Once formed, biofilms begin to synthesise EPS, a complex viscous matrix composed of a variety of macromolecules including proteins, lipids and polysaccharides. In terms of drug delivery strategies, it is the EPS that presents the greatest barrier to diffusion for drug delivery systems and free antimicrobial agents alike. In addition to EPS synthesis, biofilm-based micro-organisms can also produce small, diffusible signalling molecules involved in cell density-dependent intercellular communication, or quorum sensing. Not only does quorum sensing allow microbes to detect critical cell density numbers, but it also permits co-ordinated behaviour within the biofilm, such as iron chelation and defensive antibiotic activities. Against this backdrop of microbial defence and cell density-specific communication, a variety of drug delivery systems have been developed to deliver antimicrobial agents and antibiotics to extracellular and/or intracellular targets, or more recently, to interfere with the specific mechanisms of quorum sensing. Successful delivery strategies have employed lipidic and polymeric-based formulations such as liposomes and cyclodextrins respectively, in addition to inorganic carriers e.g. metal nanoparticles. This review will examine a range of drug delivery systems and their application to biofilm delivery, as well as pharmaceutical formulations with innate antimicrobial properties such as silver nanoparticles and microemulsions.


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