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    Strategies for antimicrobial drug delivery to biofilm.

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    Authors
    Martin, Claire
    Low, Wan Li
    Gupta, Abhishek
    Amin, Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd
    Radecka, Iza
    Britland, Stephen T
    Raj, Prem
    Kenward, Ken M A
    Issue Date
    2015
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    Biofilms are formed by the attachment of single or mixed microbial communities to a variety of biological and/or synthetic surfaces. Biofilm micro-organisms benefit from many advantages of the polymicrobial environment including increased resistance against antimicrobials and protection against the host organism's defence mechanisms. These benefits stem from a number of structural and physiological differences between planktonic and biofilm-resident microbes, but two main factors are the presence of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and quorum sensing communication. Once formed, biofilms begin to synthesise EPS, a complex viscous matrix composed of a variety of macromolecules including proteins, lipids and polysaccharides. In terms of drug delivery strategies, it is the EPS that presents the greatest barrier to diffusion for drug delivery systems and free antimicrobial agents alike. In addition to EPS synthesis, biofilm-based micro-organisms can also produce small, diffusible signalling molecules involved in cell density-dependent intercellular communication, or quorum sensing. Not only does quorum sensing allow microbes to detect critical cell density numbers, but it also permits co-ordinated behaviour within the biofilm, such as iron chelation and defensive antibiotic activities. Against this backdrop of microbial defence and cell density-specific communication, a variety of drug delivery systems have been developed to deliver antimicrobial agents and antibiotics to extracellular and/or intracellular targets, or more recently, to interfere with the specific mechanisms of quorum sensing. Successful delivery strategies have employed lipidic and polymeric-based formulations such as liposomes and cyclodextrins respectively, in addition to inorganic carriers e.g. metal nanoparticles. This review will examine a range of drug delivery systems and their application to biofilm delivery, as well as pharmaceutical formulations with innate antimicrobial properties such as silver nanoparticles and microemulsions.
    Citation
    Strategies for antimicrobial drug delivery to biofilm. 2015, 21 (1):43-66 Curr. Pharm. Des.
    Journal
    Current pharmaceutical design
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/2436/620934
    PubMed ID
    25189862
    Type
    Journal article
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    1873-4286
    Sponsors
    University of Wolverhampton, UK ; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia.
    Collections
    Faculty of Science and Engineering

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