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    Exposure to air pollution and cognitive functioning across the life course – A systematic literature review

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    Authors
    Clifford, Angela
    Lang, Linda
    Chen, Ruoling
    Anstey, Kaarin J.
    Seaton, Anthony
    Issue Date
    2016-03-04
    
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    Abstract
    OBJECTIVES: Air pollution is associated with increased risk of respiratory, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, but its association with cognitive functioning and impairment is unclear. The aim of this systematic review was to examine whether a relationship exists between these variables across the life course. METHODS: We searched Web of Knowledge, Pubmed, SciVerse Scopus, CINAHL, PsychInfo and Science Direct up to October 2015 to identify studies that investigated the association between air pollution and performance on neurocognitive tests. RESULTS: Variations in exposure assessment and outcome measures make meta-analysis impossible. Thirty one studies published between 2006 and 2015, from the Americas (n=15), Asia (n=5) and Europe (n=11), met the criteria for inclusion. Many showed weak but quantified relationships between various air pollutants and cognitive function. Pollution exposure in utero has been associated with increased risk of neuro-developmental delay. Exposure in childhood has been inversely associated with neuro-developmental outcomes in younger children and with academic achievement and neurocognitive performance in older children. In older adults, air pollution has been associated with accelerated cognitive decline. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence to date is coherent in that exposure to a range of largely traffic-related pollutants has been associated with quantifiable impairment of brain development in the young and cognitive decline in the elderly. There is insufficient evidence at present to comment on consistency, in view of the different indices of pollution and end-points measured, the limited number of studies, and the probability at this stage of publication bias. However, plausible toxicological mechanisms have been demonstrated and the evidence as a whole suggests that vehicular pollution, at least, contributes to cognitive impairment, adding to pressure on governments and individuals to continue to reduce air pollution.
    Citation
    Clifford, A., Lang, L., Chen, R, Anstey, KJ., Seaton, A. (2016) 'Exposure to air pollution and cognitive functioning across the life course – A systematic literature review', Environmental Research, 147 (5) p. 383-398
    Publisher
    Elsevier Wordmark
    Journal
    Environmental Research
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/2436/609047
    DOI
    10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.018
    Additional Links
    http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0013935116300172
    Type
    Journal article
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    00139351
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.018
    Scopus Count
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    Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing

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