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    Association of interleukin-6 (IL-6)-174G/C gene polymorphism with cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: The role of obesity and smoking

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    Authors
    Panoulas, Vasileios F.
    Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou, Antonios
    Metsios, Giorgos S.
    Smith, Jacqueline P.
    Milionis, Haralampos J.
    Douglas, Karen M. J.
    Nightingale, Peter
    Kitas, George D.
    Issue Date
    2008
    
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    Abstract
    Abstract Background Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are increased in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is high in RA and, together with smoking and obesity, an important contributor to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The present study examined the potential association of IL-6-174 G/C polymorphism, together with obesity and smoking, with the presence of CVD in RA patients. Methods and results DNA samples were collected from 383 RA patients (who also had extensive clinical and laboratory evaluations). IL-6-174 G/C was identified using real time PCR and melting curve analysis. Serum IL-6 levels were measured in a subgroup of 135 RA patients to examine the functionality of the polymorphism. Carriers of the IL6-174C-allele demonstrated increased prevalence of CVD (26.2% vs. 17.0%, p = 0.041). There was a significant association with CVD, even after adjustment for traditional CVD risk factors (OR = 1.92, 95%CI: 1.03 to 3.58, p = 0.041). IL-6 levels were significantly increased in C-allele carriers [14.02 (3.21–38.81) vs. 4.48 (2.25–16.5), p = 0.028]. No significant interactions were observed between adiposity and IL6-174G/C genotypes. There was only a trend for an interaction between ever smoking and IL6 C-allele carriers on CVD. Conclusion The IL-6-174C-allele may associate with CVD in RA patients and possibly exerts its effect via increased inflammation. This finding, if confirmed in future studies, may be used as a part of a genetic screening tool for RA patients at high CVD risk.
    Citation
    Atherosclerosis, [IN PRESS]
    Publisher
    Elsevier Ltd.
    Journal
    Atherosclerosis
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/2436/39979
    DOI
    10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.08.036
    Additional Links
    http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T12-4TCR1V1-5&_user=1644469&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000054077&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1644469&md5=f3e48d9e6fceba0191df20d05ba695b6
    Type
    Journal article
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    00219150
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.08.036
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    Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing

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