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    Sexual dimorphism in the acute effects of secondhand smoke on thyroid hormone secretion, inflammatory markers and vascular function.

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    Authors
    Flouris, Andreas D.
    Metsios, Giorgos S.
    Jamurtas, Athanasios Z.
    Koutedakis, Yiannis
    Issue Date
    2008
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    Experimental evidence for the physiological effects of secondhand smoke (SHS) is limited, although it affects millions of people globally and its prevalence is increasing, despite currently adopted antismoking measures. Also, scarce evidence suggests that the effects of SHS may be more pronounced in men. We conducted a randomized single-blind crossover study to investigate the sex-specific SHS effects in a controlled simulated bar/restaurant environment on gonadal and thyroid hormones, inflammatory cytokines, and vascular function. Twenty-eight (women = 14) nonsmoking adults underwent a 1-h exposure to moderate SHS and a 1-h control trial. Serum and urine cotinine, gonadal and thyroid hormones, inflammatory cytokines, heart rate, and arterial blood pressure were assessed before exposure and immediately after in both trials. Results showed that testosterone (P = 0.019) and progesterone (P < 0.001) in men and 17beta-estradiol (P = 0.001) and progesterone (P < 0.001) in women were significantly decreased after SHS. In men, SHS was accompanied by increased free thyroxine (P < 0.001), triiodothyronine (P = 0.020), and decreased the triiodothyronine-to-free thyroxine ratio (P = 0.033). In women, significant SHS-induced change was observed only in free thyroxine (P = 0.010), with considerable sex variation in free thyroxine and triiodothyronine and a decrease in luteinizing hormone (P = 0.026) and follicle-stimulating hormone (P < 0.001). After SHS, IL-1beta (P = 0.001) and systolic blood pressure (P = 0.040) were increased in men but not women. We concluded that a 1-h SHS exposure at bar/restaurant levels is accompanied by decrements in gonadal hormones in both sexes and marked increases in thyroid hormone secretion, IL-1beta production, and systolic blood pressure in men.
    Citation
    American Journal of Physiology, 294(2): E456-462
    Publisher
    American Physiological Society
    Journal
    American Journal of Physiology
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/2436/39977
    DOI
    10.1152/ajpendo.00699.2007
    PubMed ID
    18073318
    Additional Links
    http://ajpendo.physiology.org/cgi/content/abstract/294/2/E456
    Type
    Journal article
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    0193-1849
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1152/ajpendo.00699.2007
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing

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