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    Influence of crowd noise on soccer refereeing consistency in soccer

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    Authors
    Balmer, Nigel J.
    Nevill, Alan M.
    Lane, Andrew M.
    Ward, Paul
    Williams, A. Mark
    Fairclough, Stephen
    Issue Date
    2007
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    Recent experimental evidence suggests that the noise of a partisan home crowd may influence soccer officials to make an imbalance of decisions in favor of the home side (Nevill, Balmer, & Williams, 2002). The purpose of the present study was to test the notion that biased decisions in favor of the home team are associated with increased anxiety and arousal due to increased difficulty of making accurate decisions when refereeing in the presence of crowd noise. Using the same video footage used by Nevill et al. (2002), 26 participants recorded decisions when fouls occurred. Participants completed the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 immediately after performing the refereeing task. Degree of mental effort was recorded using self-report and physiological measures. Logistic regression indicated that participants were biased in favor of the home team in their evaluation of fouls carried out by one visiting and one home team. Significant relationships were found between decision bias and increases in cognitive anxiety and mental effort with crowd noise. Hierarchical regression indicated that mental effort and cognitive anxiety combined to account for 36% of the variance in decision bias. Results suggest that crowd noise is associated with increased anxiety and mental effort, and that referees attempt to cope with this increased anxiety and effort by giving a more popular decision in favor of the home team.
    Citation
    Journal of Sport Behavior, 30(2), 130-145
    Publisher
    University of South Alabama
    Journal
    Journal of Sport Behavior
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/2436/35332
    Additional Links
    http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-31261385_ITM
    Type
    Journal article
    Language
    en
    Description
    Full Text: COPYRIGHT 2007 University of South Alabama
    ISSN
    0162-7341
    Collections
    Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing

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