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    Statistics, truth and error reduction in sport and exercise sciences

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    Authors
    Nevill, Alan M.
    Holder, Roger L.
    Cooper, Stephen-Mark
    Issue Date
    2007
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Other Titles
    Performance measurement
    Abstract
    Academics have a responsibility to ensure that their research findings are as truthful as possible. In every issue of a scientific journal, a large number of significance tests are reported (usually using PB0.05). Of course, most of these results will be true/correct. Unfortunately, due to the nature of sampling, researchers will occasionally make errors, often referred to as type I (probability a) and type II (probability b) errors. The power of a test (1-b) is the probability of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis that is, correctly detecting a real or true effect. Factors that are known to influence power include: (1) the level of significance (a), (2) the size of the difference or relationship in the population (the effect), (3) the sample size, and (4) unexplained error variance. As researchers, we have little control over most of these factors. The one factor that we have some influence over, however, is the ability to reduce the unexplained error variance. In the present article, we describe a range of methods that will increase the probability that a researcher has correctly identified a real effect by increasing the power of their statistical tests. Such methods will include ways of designing experiments to reduce error and uncertainty. The use of blocking and randomized block designs will reduce unexplained error, such as adopting matched or repeatedmeasures designs rather than using independent observations. The other method of reducing unexplained errors is to adopt more appropriate (e.g. biologically correct) models and checking the distribution assumptions associated with such models. In conclusion, researchers are responsible for maximizing the likelihood that their results are as accurate and truthful as possible. By carefully planning their experiments and adopting appropriate models, researchers are more likely to publish their findings with a greater degree of confidence, but not certainty.
    Citation
    European Journal of Sport Science, 7(1): 9-14
    Publisher
    Taylor & Francis
    Journal
    European Journal of Sport Science
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/2436/30399
    DOI
    10.1080/17461390701197767
    Additional Links
    http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t714592354
    Type
    Journal article
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    17461391
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1080/17461390701197767
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing

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