Change, and changing, exercise the minds of most managers most of the time. In consequence, leadership development and change management tend to be top priorities for many human resource development (HRD) professionals today. Despite this, much academic and practitioner literature suggests that 70% of all change programs fail. Through analyzing 200 organizational change case studies, this chapter examines this high failure rate, investigates leadership styles and their relationship to change, and explores the key factors that either enable or hinder successful change. The key findings of this examination were that the majority of the 200 studied change initiatives were considered successful and that using Kotter’s change model, which has been long established, does not necessarily mean success; nor does the use of a democratic/participative leadership style. The most significant hindering factors and the key critical success factors are also acknowledged.

Open Innovation allows independent inventors to become suppliers of new product ideas to businesses. Unfortunately, only a small percentage of independent inventor approaches, to companies operating Open Innovation mechanisms, result in a commercialised product. Preliminary Critical Success Factors proposed in the previous chapter seek to improve the ability of independent inventors to operate as effective suppliers of new product ideas to businesses through Open Innovation. This chapter will take the preliminary critical success factors proposed in the previous chapter and utilise them as priori constructs (Eisenhardt, 1989) as evidence is sought through case study for their presence or non-presence in a practical context. A case study on the Caparo RightFuel, an automotive device originating from an independent inventor and commercialised through an Open Innovation model, forms the basis of this chapter.

Women Screenwriters is a study of more than 300 female writers from 60 nations, from the first film scenarios produced in 1986 to the present day. Divided into six sections by continent, the entries give an overview of the history of women screenwriters in each country, as well as individual biographies of its most influential.

This chapter locates the ethos of community-oriented policing at the heart of the Police and Crime Commissioner (PCC) model in England and Wales and shows that the PCCs’ Police and Crime Plans should function as a key prism through which their performance should be measured. It focuses, in particular, on the Police and Crime Plans for Greater Manchester, the West Midlands and London, examining whether and to what extent they deliver a measure of community-oriented policing in practice.

In the song Factory, released as part of the 1978 album Darkness on the Edge of Town album, Bruce Springsteen reflected the centrality of industrial work to many neighbourhoods, towns and cities across the United States at the time. One of Springsteen’s bleakest albums, Darkness was released against the backdrop of the loss of around 22.3m US jobs between 1969 and 1976, with the closure of some 100,000 manufacturing plants between 1963 and 1982. The Freehold, NJ, native drew heavily on the experiences of his family and hometown, which had experienced the closure of the A. & M. Karagheusian Company’s rug factory. Factory reflected the ambiguous nature of industrial work; it underpins both economic and social survival while threatening life and limb. Springsteen’s factory is also a highly gendered space; a masculine world of industrial labour. Springsteen’s factory presents the industrial worker, like those in Sherry Lee Linkon and John Russo’s memorable study of Youngstown, Steeltown USA, as both ‘powerful and powerless’. Above all, the workplace culture of the factory is situated at the heart of community and family.

Style and Form in the Hollywood Slasher Film fills a broad scholastic gap by analysing the elements of narrative and stylistic construction of films in the slasher subgenre of horror that have been produced and/or distributed in the Hollywood studio system from its initial boom in the late 1970s to the present.

Using a behavioural perspective, this chapter presents further knowledge on the conditions in the boardroom that facilitate or hinder the presence of trust. Building on previous studies, a model explaining the hypothesised relationships between trust and its determinants (cognitive conflict, communication efficacy, the perception of board members’ competence, affective conflict, and familiarity), with the moderating effects of board meeting frequency and board tenure, was developed. Based on a survey of UK companies, it was found that the perception of board members’ competence and familiarity are positively related to trust, whereas affective conflict is negatively related to trust. The implication of this finding for board practice is that boards of directors should engage in activities such as training and development that increase directors’ perception of each other’s competencies and why affective conflict should be managed in the boardroom.

It has been previously noted that the post 1970s Study of New Religions entails an interdisciplinary methodological approach which has been “created primarily on the basis of the cumulation of fieldwork research projects” (Bromley, 2007, 67) In the introduction to this volume, the editors have skilfully charted the development of this distinct discipline with regard to wider Study of Religion and the Sociology of Religion and in this short chapter I wish to address the multi-methodological heritage of fieldwork research to explore its centrality to the study of New Religions. It should be noted at the outset, however that NRMs present a particularly challenging focus of study for fieldwork – often due to political or ethical issues that will be addressed below – but also simply for the fact that this relatively newly emergent academic discipline borrows from a diversity of methodologies which at the same time both enriches and “complicates the task of assembling a coherent corpus of knowledge” (Bromley, 2007, 66) Perhaps unsurprisingly, therefore, the history of NRM scholarship is a history of diverse fieldwork methodologies complicated by both the evolving nature of the discipline within the Academy and also influenced by perceptions and understandings of NRMs within wider society. Central to many of these research projects, however, is the concept of verstehen (Barker, 1984, 20), the Weberian terminology for understanding a belief or action within the social context relevant to the worldview of the individual or community in question. This has often been a challenging issue for NRM scholars due to the huge diversity of traditions bracketed within NRM studies, and also due to the sometimes counter-cultural or controversial nature of the customs and beliefs of the groups which are studied but, as Whitehead (1987) has argued, detailed fieldwork is particularly central to the study of NRMs as “if unfamiliar cultural systems are not substantially portrayed, they are easily reduced to silly stereotypes.” (Whitehead, 1987, 10)

The socio-economic impacts of war and large-scale violence are often devastating, multiple and wide-ranging, and it is with clear justi!cation that violent con ict has come to be identi!ed over the years as a major barrier to development. Yet, despite increased interest in con ict-a ected situations – or, to use the more common (and more contested) terminology, ‘fragile states’ – our understanding of the realities of, and the processes occurring within, such places remains limited. Researchers and policymakers continue to struggle to make sense of the heterogeneity of the impact of war – for example, among di erent population groups or over time – and basic questions regarding the e ectiveness of recovery policies remain. This is of particular concern given the recent escalation in bilateral funding to states a ected by con ict.