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dc.contributor.authorTull, Samantha P.
dc.contributor.authorAnderson, Stephen I.
dc.contributor.authorHughan, Sascha C.
dc.contributor.authorWatson, Steve P.
dc.contributor.authorNash, Gerard B.
dc.contributor.authorRainger, G.E.
dc.date.accessioned2008-03-18T11:18:26Z
dc.date.available2008-03-18T11:18:26Z
dc.date.issued2006
dc.identifier.citationCirculation Research, 2006, 98(1): 98-104
dc.identifier.issn1524-4571
dc.identifier.pmid16322482
dc.identifier.doi10.1161/01.RES.0000198386.69355.87
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2436/20992
dc.description.abstractAlthough platelets do not ordinarily bind to endothelial cells (EC), pathological interactions between platelets and arterial EC may contribute to the propagation of atheroma. Previously, in an in vitro model of atherogenesis, where leukocyte adhesion to EC cocultured with smooth muscle cells was greatly enhanced, we also observed attachment of platelets to the EC layer. Developing this system to specifically model platelet adhesion, we show that EC cocultured with smooth muscle cells can bind platelets in a process that is dependent on EC activation by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1. Recapitulating the model using EC alone, we found that a combination of TGF-beta1 and TNF-alpha promoted high levels of platelet adhesion compared with either agent used in isolation. Platelet adhesion was inhibited by antibodies against GPIb-IX-V or alpha(IIb)beta3 integrin, indicating that both receptors are required for stable adhesion. Platelet activation during interaction with the EC was also essential, as treatment with prostacyclin or theophylline abolished stable adhesion. Confocal microscopy of the surface of EC activated with TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1 revealed an extensive matrix of von Willebrand factor that was able to support the adhesion of flowing platelets at wall shear rates below 400 s(-1). Thus, we have demonstrated a novel route of EC activation which is relevant to the atherosclerotic microenvironment. EC activated in this manner would therefore be capable of recruiting platelets in the low-shear environments that commonly exist at points of atheroma formation.
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherAmerican Heart Association, Inc.
dc.relation.urlhttp://circres.ahajournals.org/cgi/reprint/98/1/98
dc.subjectSmooth muscle cells
dc.subjecte Endothelial cells
dc.subjectcCoculture
dc.subjectPlatelet Adhesiveness
dc.subjectTransforming growth factor beta 1
dc.subject.meshAtherosclerosis
dc.subject.meshCells, Cultured
dc.subject.meshCoculture Techniques
dc.subject.meshEndothelial Cells
dc.subject.meshHumans
dc.subject.meshMuscle, Smooth, Vascular
dc.subject.meshMyocytes, Smooth Muscle
dc.subject.meshPlatelet Adhesiveness
dc.subject.meshPlatelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex
dc.subject.meshPlatelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex
dc.subject.meshTransforming Growth Factor beta
dc.subject.meshTransforming Growth Factor beta1
dc.subject.meshTumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
dc.subject.meshvon Willebrand Factor
dc.titleCellular pathology of atherosclerosis: smooth muscle cells promote adhesion of platelets to cocultured endothelial cells.
dc.typeJournal article
dc.identifier.journalCirculation Research
html.description.abstractAlthough platelets do not ordinarily bind to endothelial cells (EC), pathological interactions between platelets and arterial EC may contribute to the propagation of atheroma. Previously, in an in vitro model of atherogenesis, where leukocyte adhesion to EC cocultured with smooth muscle cells was greatly enhanced, we also observed attachment of platelets to the EC layer. Developing this system to specifically model platelet adhesion, we show that EC cocultured with smooth muscle cells can bind platelets in a process that is dependent on EC activation by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1. Recapitulating the model using EC alone, we found that a combination of TGF-beta1 and TNF-alpha promoted high levels of platelet adhesion compared with either agent used in isolation. Platelet adhesion was inhibited by antibodies against GPIb-IX-V or alpha(IIb)beta3 integrin, indicating that both receptors are required for stable adhesion. Platelet activation during interaction with the EC was also essential, as treatment with prostacyclin or theophylline abolished stable adhesion. Confocal microscopy of the surface of EC activated with TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1 revealed an extensive matrix of von Willebrand factor that was able to support the adhesion of flowing platelets at wall shear rates below 400 s(-1). Thus, we have demonstrated a novel route of EC activation which is relevant to the atherosclerotic microenvironment. EC activated in this manner would therefore be capable of recruiting platelets in the low-shear environments that commonly exist at points of atheroma formation.


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