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    Cellular pathology of atherosclerosis: smooth muscle cells promote adhesion of platelets to cocultured endothelial cells.

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    Authors
    Tull, Samantha P.
    Anderson, Stephen I.
    Hughan, Sascha C.
    Watson, Steve P.
    Nash, Gerard B.
    Rainger, G.E.
    Issue Date
    2006
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    Although platelets do not ordinarily bind to endothelial cells (EC), pathological interactions between platelets and arterial EC may contribute to the propagation of atheroma. Previously, in an in vitro model of atherogenesis, where leukocyte adhesion to EC cocultured with smooth muscle cells was greatly enhanced, we also observed attachment of platelets to the EC layer. Developing this system to specifically model platelet adhesion, we show that EC cocultured with smooth muscle cells can bind platelets in a process that is dependent on EC activation by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1. Recapitulating the model using EC alone, we found that a combination of TGF-beta1 and TNF-alpha promoted high levels of platelet adhesion compared with either agent used in isolation. Platelet adhesion was inhibited by antibodies against GPIb-IX-V or alpha(IIb)beta3 integrin, indicating that both receptors are required for stable adhesion. Platelet activation during interaction with the EC was also essential, as treatment with prostacyclin or theophylline abolished stable adhesion. Confocal microscopy of the surface of EC activated with TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1 revealed an extensive matrix of von Willebrand factor that was able to support the adhesion of flowing platelets at wall shear rates below 400 s(-1). Thus, we have demonstrated a novel route of EC activation which is relevant to the atherosclerotic microenvironment. EC activated in this manner would therefore be capable of recruiting platelets in the low-shear environments that commonly exist at points of atheroma formation.
    Citation
    Circulation Research, 2006, 98(1): 98-104
    Publisher
    American Heart Association, Inc.
    Journal
    Circulation Research
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/2436/20992
    DOI
    10.1161/01.RES.0000198386.69355.87
    PubMed ID
    16322482
    Additional Links
    http://circres.ahajournals.org/cgi/reprint/98/1/98
    Type
    Journal article
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    1524-4571
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1161/01.RES.0000198386.69355.87
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