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    Aristolochic acids detected in some raw Chinese medicinal herbs and manufactured herbal products--a consequence of inappropriate nomenclature and imprecise labelling?

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    Authors
    Cheung, Thomas P.
    Xue, Charlie
    Leung, Kelvin Sze-Yin
    Chan, Kelvin C.
    Li, Chun G.
    Issue Date
    2006
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    BACKGROUND: Certain frequently used Chinese herbal medicines commonly used for weight control, may contain toxic Aristolochia species, which have been associated with severe nephropathy and urothelial cancer in humans and animals. The toxic entities in Aristolochia species are aristolochic acid-I (AA-I) and aristolochic acid-II (AA-II). There is a lack of systematic information about the aristolochic acid content of Aristolochia species and related genera, including those in Chinese materia medica that are used in the treatment of overweight individuals. OBJECTIVES: To determine the content of AA-I and AA-II of commonly used Chinese herbal medicines (raw herbs and manufactured products) including species of Aristolochia and related genera. METHODS: Twenty-one raw herbs and seven manufactured herbal products were purchased from herbal wholesalers and traditional Chinese medicinal herb retailers in Melbourne, Australia in September 2003, after the supply of known aristolochic acid-containing herbs and products had been banned in Australia. Six additional raw herbs were sourced from a herbal teaching museum. These were purchased in 2001, before the prohibition. The contents of aristolochic acids of each was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and confirmed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). RESULTS: Of the samples tested, four of the raw herbs purchased before the ban and two manufactured products purchased after the ban, were found to contain aristolochic acids (16-1002 ppm). CONCLUSIONS: Several Chinese raw herbs and some commercially available manufactured herbal products contain aristolochic acids. The confusion in Chinese nomenclature for related raw herbs, and imprecise labelling of manufactured products may contribute to the inadvertent use of toxic herbal species in Chinese medicine practice. Additional measures are needed to ensure the safety of consumers of Chinese herbal medicines.
    Citation
    Clinical Toxicology, 44(4): 371-378
    Publisher
    Taylor & Francis
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/2436/15832
    DOI
    10.1080/15563650600671712
    PubMed ID
    16809138
    Additional Links
    http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all?content=10.1080/15563650600671712
    Type
    Journal article
    Language
    en
    Description
    Metadata only
    ISSN
    1556-3650
    1556-9519
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1080/15563650600671712
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Research Institute in Healthcare Science

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