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dc.contributor.authorKalafati, Maria
dc.contributor.authorJamurtas, Athanasios Z.
dc.contributor.authorNikolaidis, Michalis G.
dc.contributor.authorPaschalis, Vassilis
dc.contributor.authorTheodorou, Anastasios A.
dc.contributor.authorSakellariou, G. K.
dc.contributor.authorKoutedakis, Yiannis
dc.contributor.authorKouretas, Dimitris
dc.date.accessioned2010-10-19T14:10:50Z
dc.date.available2010-10-19T14:10:50Z
dc.date.issued2010
dc.identifier.citationMedicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 42 (1):142-151
dc.identifier.issn0195-9131
dc.identifier.doi10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181ac7a45
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2436/113473
dc.description.abstractPurpose: Spirulina is a popular nutritional supplement that is accompanied by claiMSS for antioxidant and performance-enhancing effects. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the effect of spirulina supplementation on (i) exercise performance, (ii) substrate metabolism, and (iii) blood redox status both at rest and after exercise. Methods: Nine moderately trained males took part in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced crossover study. Each subject received either spirulina (6 gd-1) or placebo for 4 wk. Each subject ran on a treadmill at an intensity corresponding to 70%–75% of their VO2max for 2 h and then at 95% VO2max to exhaustion. Exercise performance and respiratory quotient during exercise were measured after both placebo and spirulina supplementation. Blood samples were drawn before, immediately after, and at 1, 24, and 48 h after exercise. Reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), GSH/GSSG, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyls, catalase activity, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were determined. Results: Time to fatigue after the 2-h run was significantly longer after spirulina supplementation (2.05 ± 0.68 vs 2.70 ± 0.79 min). Ingestion of spirulina significantly decreased carbohydrate oxidation rate by 10.3% and increased fat oxidation rate by 10.9% during the 2-h run compared with the placebo trial. GSH levels were higher after the spirulina supplementation compared with placebo at rest and 24 h after exercise. TBARS levels increased after exercise after placebo but not after spirulina supplementation. Protein carbonyls, catalase, and TAC levels increased similarly immediately after and 1 h after exercise in both groups. Conclusions: Spirulina supplementation induced a significant increase in exercise performance, fat oxidation, and GSH concentration and attenuated the exercise-induced increase in lipid peroxidation.
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherAmerican College of Sports Medicine
dc.relation.urlhttp://content.wkhealth.com/linkback/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage&an=00005768-201001000-00019
dc.subjectFree radicals
dc.subjectReactive oxygen species
dc.subjectRedox status
dc.subjectOxidative stress
dc.subjectPhysical activity
dc.titleErgogenic and Antioxidant Effects of Spirulina Supplementation in Humans
dc.typeJournal article
dc.identifier.journalMedicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
html.description.abstractPurpose: Spirulina is a popular nutritional supplement that is accompanied by claiMSS for antioxidant and performance-enhancing effects. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the effect of spirulina supplementation on (i) exercise performance, (ii) substrate metabolism, and (iii) blood redox status both at rest and after exercise. Methods: Nine moderately trained males took part in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced crossover study. Each subject received either spirulina (6 gd-1) or placebo for 4 wk. Each subject ran on a treadmill at an intensity corresponding to 70%–75% of their VO2max for 2 h and then at 95% VO2max to exhaustion. Exercise performance and respiratory quotient during exercise were measured after both placebo and spirulina supplementation. Blood samples were drawn before, immediately after, and at 1, 24, and 48 h after exercise. Reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), GSH/GSSG, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyls, catalase activity, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were determined. Results: Time to fatigue after the 2-h run was significantly longer after spirulina supplementation (2.05 ± 0.68 vs 2.70 ± 0.79 min). Ingestion of spirulina significantly decreased carbohydrate oxidation rate by 10.3% and increased fat oxidation rate by 10.9% during the 2-h run compared with the placebo trial. GSH levels were higher after the spirulina supplementation compared with placebo at rest and 24 h after exercise. TBARS levels increased after exercise after placebo but not after spirulina supplementation. Protein carbonyls, catalase, and TAC levels increased similarly immediately after and 1 h after exercise in both groups. Conclusions: Spirulina supplementation induced a significant increase in exercise performance, fat oxidation, and GSH concentration and attenuated the exercise-induced increase in lipid peroxidation.


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