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    Does lower-body BMD develop at the expense of upper-body BMD in female runners?

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    Authors
    Nevill, Alan M.
    Burrows, Melonie
    Holder, Roger L.
    Bird, Steve
    Simpson, David
    Issue Date
    2003
    Submitted date
    2007-03-14
    
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    Abstract
    PURPOSE: Evidence suggests that exercise plays an important role in stimulating site-specific bone mineral density (BMD). However, what is less well understood is how these benefits dissipate throughout the body. Hence, the purpose of the present study was to compare the levels of, and the correlation between, BMD recorded at 10 sites in female endurance runners, and to investigate possible determinants responsible for any inter-site differences observed. METHODS: Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the BMD between sites and factor analysis was used to describe the pattern of intersite correlations. Allometric ANCOVA was used to identify the primary determinants of bone mass and how these varied between sites. RESULTS: The ANOVA and factor analysis identified systematic differences in BMD between sites, with the greatest BMD being observed in the lower-body sites, in particular the legs. An investigation into the possible mechanisms responsible for these differences revealed "distances run" (km.wk-1) as a positive, and "years of training" as a negative determinant of bone mass (P < 0.001). However, the effect of a number of determinants varied between sites (P < 0.05). Specifically, the ANCOVA identified that running further distances resulted in higher bone mass in the arms and legs. In contrast, training for additional years appeared to result in lower bone mass in the arms and lumbar spine. Calcium intake was also found to be positively associated with bone mass in the legs but negatively associated at all other sites. CONCLUSIONS: A combination of running exercise and calcium intake would appear to stimulate the bone mass of women endurance runners at lower-body sites but at the expense of bone mass at upper-body sites.
    Citation
    Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35(10): 1733-1739
    Publisher
    Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/2436/11116
    DOI
    10.1249/01.MSS.0000089345.28012.23
    PubMed ID
    14523312
    Additional Links
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000089345.28012.23
    Type
    Journal article
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    0195-9131
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1249/01.MSS.0000089345.28012.23
    Scopus Count
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    Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing

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