The Reception of Francophone Literature in Helios and La España Moderna 1903–1904

Abstract

In this essay I consider Giménez Caballero’s use of totemism in his collection of avant-garde essays, Hércules jugando a los dados, to be indicative of a desire for radical social transformation. Specifically, I argue that the author’s elaboration of the concept as a renewed ‘primitive’ phenomenon based in technology not only points to early forms of cybernetics in the modern subject’s ‘battle’ with the elements, but also is a key part of a larger social project. I contend that Giménez Caballero sees the reemergence of totemism as a way to reconcile the lower classes and the elite within a fascistic, vertical power structure, in which the hybrid mythical figure of Hercules has already led the way. As an important hinge work between avant-garde aesthetics and political engagement, I conclude that Hércules jugando a los dados offers important insights into the genesis of early fascist ideology in Spain. (Liverpool University Press)